Tag Archives: excavator chain roller

China Caterpillar Excavator Cat345 Cat330c Undercarriage Spare Parts Track Chain roller chain end bolt

Item Description

Item parameters
Title: CZPT Monitor Chain
Shifting Variety Crawler bulldozer
Sort bulldozer undercarriage parts
Approach forging &solcasting
Excess weight
Hardness Depth 8-12mm
Material 40Mn2 ,40MnB
Area Hardness HRC52-58
Warranty 6 months
Bare minimum Purchase Amount 5 Piece&solPieces
FOB Value US &greenback 1 – 15 Piece&solPieces per Thirty day period
Packaging Details Normal export fumigated wooden pallet
Payment Terms L&solC,T&solT,Western Union,MoneyGram
Delivery Element Within 30 days after contract set up

Product Description
Substantial efficiency CZPT track chain for sale on the web, we are a supplier of CZPT spare parts in China. Our undercarriage areas consist of bulldozer & excavator keep track of roller, provider roller, sprockets, entrance loafer, track shoe, buckets, pins and bushings, bolts and nuts, applicable for caterpillar, volvo, komatsu, hitachiI, kobelco, kato, sumitomo, hyundai, JCB etc. Our CZPT spare elements are enjoyed by Southeast Asia and Mid-east, welcome to get CZPT track chain.

Keep track of chains
Advantage &sol Functions:
1.Forged steel deep-hardened
2.Substantial energy of roller human body to steer clear of bell mounting impact
3.Life span lubrication for no upkeep requirements
four.Specifically developed excavator rollers for large impact purposes
five. Dozer roller created for large put on load
six.Unique Boron-Manganese modified wonderful CZPT alloy to make certain good quality and regularity
seven.Differential hardening procedure provides hardness in large put on regions and an elastic core to resist shock and affect masses
eight.Uniform hardening to give optimum put on existence of monitor chains and rollers and to all of the components that are in frictional speak to, like &lparidlers, pins, bushings and sprockets)

Manufacturer                
  PC30 PC40 PC45 PC60 PC75 PC100 PC120 PC200
EXCAVATOR PC220 PC300 PC350 PC400        
CATERPILLAR E70B E110 E120 E200B E307 E311 E312 E320
EXCAVATOR E322 E325 E300B E330        
  D20 D21 D30 D31 D37 D40 D50 D60
BULLDOZER D63 D65 D80 D85 D135 D155 D355 D375
CATERPILLAR D3C D3D D4 D4C D4D D4E D5 D5H
BULLDOZER D6 D6C D6D D6H D7E D7G D8N D9N
HITACHI EX30 EX40 EX60 EX100 EX120 EX200 EX220 EX300
  EX400 ZAX200 ZX330 ZX350 UH07 UH081 UH083  
DAEWOO DH55 DH200 DH220 DH280 DH300 DH320    
HYUNDAI R55 R110 R130 R150 R200 R210 R250 R290
KEBELCO SK60 SK100 SK120 SK200 SK220 SK300 K904 K907
MITSUBISHI MS110 MS120 MS140 MS180        
KATO HD140 HD250 HD400 HD550 HD700 HD850 HD900 HD1220
SAMSUNG H.I. MX8 SE200 SE210 SE280 MX292 SE350    
SUMITOMO SH70 SH100 SH120 SH160 SH200 SH280 SH300 SH340

 

Type: Crawler
Application: Excavator
Certification: CE, ISO9001: 2000
Condition: New
Material: 50mn
Warranty Time: 6 Months

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Customization:

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BRAND                
  PC30 PC40 PC45 PC60 PC75 PC100 PC120 PC200
EXCAVATOR PC220 PC300 PC350 PC400        
CATERPILLAR E70B E110 E120 E200B E307 E311 E312 E320
EXCAVATOR E322 E325 E300B E330        
  D20 D21 D30 D31 D37 D40 D50 D60
BULLDOZER D63 D65 D80 D85 D135 D155 D355 D375
CATERPILLAR D3C D3D D4 D4C D4D D4E D5 D5H
BULLDOZER D6 D6C D6D D6H D7E D7G D8N D9N
HITACHI EX30 EX40 EX60 EX100 EX120 EX200 EX220 EX300
  EX400 ZAX200 ZX330 ZX350 UH07 UH081 UH083  
DAEWOO DH55 DH200 DH220 DH280 DH300 DH320    
HYUNDAI R55 R110 R130 R150 R200 R210 R250 R290
KEBELCO SK60 SK100 SK120 SK200 SK220 SK300 K904 K907
MITSUBISHI MS110 MS120 MS140 MS180        
KATO HD140 HD250 HD400 HD550 HD700 HD850 HD900 HD1220
SAMSUNG H.I. MX8 SE200 SE210 SE280 MX292 SE350    
SUMITOMO SH70 SH100 SH120 SH160 SH200 SH280 SH300 SH340
Type: Crawler
Application: Excavator
Certification: CE, ISO9001: 2000
Condition: New
Material: 50mn
Warranty Time: 6 Months

###

Customization:

###

BRAND                
  PC30 PC40 PC45 PC60 PC75 PC100 PC120 PC200
EXCAVATOR PC220 PC300 PC350 PC400        
CATERPILLAR E70B E110 E120 E200B E307 E311 E312 E320
EXCAVATOR E322 E325 E300B E330        
  D20 D21 D30 D31 D37 D40 D50 D60
BULLDOZER D63 D65 D80 D85 D135 D155 D355 D375
CATERPILLAR D3C D3D D4 D4C D4D D4E D5 D5H
BULLDOZER D6 D6C D6D D6H D7E D7G D8N D9N
HITACHI EX30 EX40 EX60 EX100 EX120 EX200 EX220 EX300
  EX400 ZAX200 ZX330 ZX350 UH07 UH081 UH083  
DAEWOO DH55 DH200 DH220 DH280 DH300 DH320    
HYUNDAI R55 R110 R130 R150 R200 R210 R250 R290
KEBELCO SK60 SK100 SK120 SK200 SK220 SK300 K904 K907
MITSUBISHI MS110 MS120 MS140 MS180        
KATO HD140 HD250 HD400 HD550 HD700 HD850 HD900 HD1220
SAMSUNG H.I. MX8 SE200 SE210 SE280 MX292 SE350    
SUMITOMO SH70 SH100 SH120 SH160 SH200 SH280 SH300 SH340

Types of Roller Chains

There are several types of roller chains available. These chains have different properties and serve different purposes. Here you will learn about diamond roller chains, X-ring and O-ring chains, inverted tooth chains, and self-lubricating chains. You can choose the type that best suits your needs by reading this article. It will also help you make an informed decision. Buying the right roller chain for your needs is easy. Hope this article is helpful to you!

Diamond roller chain

Diamond roller chains are more efficient than other chains and can significantly extend chain life. The superior design of the chain prevents internal rust from seeping out. Additionally, Diamond ACE features a corrosion-resistant exterior and a zinc-nickel pre-assembled coating that provides extended corrosion protection and wear resistance. These features reduce chain downtime and labor costs, saving a building materials manufacturing company nearly $33,000 over the life of its machines.
Diamond series chains lead the industry in quality and durability, with industry-leading tensile strength and the lowest total cost of ownership. With a diverse product portfolio including standard chains, specialty chains, and custom chains, the company is sure to provide the right chain for your application. The company also offers a wide range of accessories for a variety of machinery. For more information, please visit the company website.
As one of the leading manufacturers of roller chains, the CZPT Company offers unparalleled expertise and wear resistance in the power transmission market. CZPT is trusted by leading industries and provides the highest return on investment. The diamond is a symbol of strength and durability, and the company chose it as the company’s trademark to convey its core values. CZPTs can last up to 100 years or more in harsh conditions, even in underwater environments.

Self-lubricating chain

Self-lubricating roller chains are designed to increase performance while maintaining a high level of cleanliness. These chains are made of sintered alloy bushings impregnated with lubricant and pins specially treated to release oil when necessary. These chains have a long service life and are suitable for environments where regular lubrication is difficult. Below are the benefits of self-lubricating roller chains.
Maintenance-free self-lubricating roller chains are the perfect replacement for standard roller chains. They are suitable for packaging, printing, textile, and sawmill applications. These chains reduce downtime and increase productivity. Furthermore, they reduce the risk of contamination. Another advantage is that there are many types of self-lubricating roller chains to choose from, allowing you to choose the one that best suits your needs. To learn more about these benefits, read the Maintenance Free Roller Chains Market Report published by Dataintelo.
CAN-AM self-lubricating roller chains ensure stick-free operation. These chains are available in ANSI/BS standard and double pitch variants. They feature oil-impregnated bushings and preloaded sintered steel bushings for long life. These self-lubricating roller chains are drop-in replacements for standard roller chains and run on standard roller chain sprockets.
chain

X-Ring and O-Ring Chains

Both O-ring and X-ring roller chains are sealed and unsealed. You’ll find them on vintage bikes and small economy cars. Other applications include bulldozer treads and conveyor belts. Standard chains are made of simple plain bearings that require lubrication every few hundred miles. While the former is the most affordable type of roller chain, they do require more maintenance than O-rings.
The main difference between the two types of chains is the friction and cost they generate. X-rings are slightly less expensive, but they create less friction than O-rings. X-rings are a more affordable option for road riders, while O-ring chains are more expensive for off-road racers. In some cases, X-ring and O-ring roller chains can be distinguished by the price tag alone.
Both X-ring and O-ring roller sprockets are available in a variety of styles. The two styles offer comparable performance, but there are some key differences to consider. X-rings are generally better for longer travel as they offer greater durability and performance. O-rings are usually more expensive than X-ring chains, but if you’re thinking about long trips, they’re a great option.

Reverse chain

Inverted roller chains are often referred to as silent chains. They have two protrusions on each board. The outer surface is ground to include an angle of sixty or seventy degrees. These protrusions about the working surfaces of the sprocket teeth. The inner surface or shape of the sprocket can clear the sprocket. This produces a silent but still valid chain. This type of chain is used in transmissions to move heavy objects.
There are three basic types of inverted toothed roller chains. Simple chains are single chains, while double and triple chains have two or three strands. In these types of chains, the pins pass through-hardened steel bushings at the ends of the links. The main difference between these types is their size. If you are not sure what size you need, first calculate the capacity of the chain. You might be surprised to learn that the smaller the diameter the better.
The number of links in a reverse roller chain determines the frequency of vibration. The frequency depends on the size of the chain and the length of the chain between the sprockets. The shorter the chain, the bigger the “pull” – the up-and-down jitter caused by the sprocket. This causes additional peak loads on the drive and shortens its life.

PEER Chain’s Heavy Duty Series Double-Stranded Roller Chains

Heavy-duty double-strand roller chains are ideal for industrial and agricultural use as they provide extra stability and strength. PEER Chains manufactures chains in various lengths and pitches and offers different accessories including sprockets and pre tensioned chains. These chains are also available in a variety of different alloys and grades. Listed below are some of the most common uses for heavy-duty double strand roller chains.
Heavy-duty PEER double-strand roller chains are available in a variety of styles and types, including the HKK NICKEL PLATED series. These chains are best suited for outdoor and mildly corrosive applications. They use a patented process to increase fatigue strength and reduce initial elongation. In addition, HKK double pitch twin-strand roller chains are lighter and less expensive than standard roller chains.
The report also highlights the competitive environment and the latest market trends. The report identifies key players in the Roller Chains industry, including manufacturing, sales, and global market share. It also provides detailed company profiles and analyses of each vendor, including recent product launches, partnerships, and mergers and acquisitions. It also provides the competitive landscape, including company profiles, product mix, and production scale. Once you know what to expect from the market, you can make a buying decision.

Maintenance of Mechanical Flexible Couplings

Proper maintenance of mechanical flexible couplings on roller chains is critical to ensuring the proper operation and reliability of the system. Maintenance of these couplings includes periodic inspection of the components. Check for signs of fatigue and wear. Regular inspections will help determine when to replace the coupling. It also helps determine the remaining life of the coupling.
Couplings should be replaced periodically for optimum performance. When replacing, be sure to use the correct parts. Make sure the coupling type matches the coupling type and chain size. Identical coupling parts may not fit, so a cross-reference guide or manufacturer’s spec number may be helpful. Make sure that the coupling is fitted with a suitable roller chain.
Mechanical elastic couplings on the roller chain can be easily lubricated to avoid premature failure. Elastomeric couplings can accommodate minor shaft misalignments and are suitable for high rotational speeds. Also, it absorbs shocks. Its flexibility is due to loose components. Additionally, lubrication is essential to reduce wear on coupling components.
chain

Roller chain size

Knowing the basic dimensions of the rollers is essential if you need to find the right roller chain for your needs. The three key dimensions of a roller chain are pitch, width, and pin diameter. These dimensions are important because they are used to identify the type of chain. These dimensions do not normally appear in chain manufacturer catalogs. They are usually designed for people designing new equipment. They are not important to maintenance technicians, but they are important to know if you are looking for a specific type of roller chain.
Once you know the exact size of the chain, you can move on to choosing the correct type. You can use the printable template to measure your chain, which makes it easy to compare with the size chart. Don’t forget to check the rest of the roller chain’s specs to make sure it fits your machine. Using the Roller Chain Size Chart is an easy way to determine the proper length, width, and height for your application.
When buying a roller chain, be sure to check the number of teeth and the ratio of the two. A common ratio is 2:1. The drive sprocket must have at least twice as many teeth as the roller sprocket. If the chain is used for high precision, check the type of sprocket as this will determine the correct size of the chain. You can also choose between slip-fit ​​and press-fit mid plates.

China Caterpillar Excavator Cat345 Cat330c Undercarriage Spare Parts Track Chain     roller chain end boltChina Caterpillar Excavator Cat345 Cat330c Undercarriage Spare Parts Track Chain     roller chain end bolt
editor by czh 2022-12-06

China supplier China ISO Standard Excavator Roller Chain Sprocket with Hubs Sprocket Gear with Good quality

Merchandise Description

China ISO Common Excavator Roller Chain Sprocket with Hubs Sprocket Gear

XIHU (WEST LAKE) DIS.HUA Chain Group is the most professional manufacturer of electricity transmission in China, production roller chains, business sprockets, motorcycle sprockets, casting sprockets, diverse sort of couplings, pulleys, taper bushes, locking gadgets, gears, shafts, CNC precision areas and so on. We have handed ISO9001, ISO14001, TS16949 such top quality and enviroment certification.

Product Title: Industry Sprocket
Normal: ANSI, DIN, JIS, KANA
Content: Metal C45
Surface Treatment method: Enamel Harden, chemical black complete
Hardness: forty-52 HRC
OEM: Indeed
Location of Origin: China

Application:
Market sprockets can be usedin electrical power driving, conveyor, lifting, mine, agricultural, meals market and so on., collectively with roller chains.

FAQ:

one. Are you company or trade Firm?

We are a manufacturing unit established in 1991 with trade group for worldwide service.

2. What phrases of payment you generally use?
T/T thirty% deposit and 70% against document, Western Union, L/C at sight

 

three. what is your guide time for your products?
Normally 45 days after verified get. 30 days could be available in reduced period for some products (during May to July), and sixty five days for the duration of new yr and very hot time ( Jan to March).

 

four. Do you go to any Show?
We attend Hannover present in Germany, NMW in Austrilia, Canton fair, PTC, in China and many other specific furniture demonstrates.

 

Product name  ISO Standard srpockets Chainwheels with hubs
Materials Available 1. Stainless Steel: SS201, SS303, SS304, SS316, SS416, SS420
2. Steel:C45(K1045), C46(K1046),C20
3. Brass:C36000 ( C26800), C37700 ( HPb59), C38500( HPb58), C27200(CuZn37), C28000(CuZn40)
4. Bronze: C51000, C52100, C54400, etc
5. Iron: 1213, 12L14,1215
6. Aluminum: Al6061, Al6063
7.OEM according to your request
Surface Treatment Annealing, natural anodization, heat treatment,  polishing, nickel plating, chrome plating, znic plating,yellow passivation, gold passivation,  satin, Black surface painted etc.
Products Available sprockt chains, pulley, shafts(axles, spline shafts, dart shafts),gears (pinions, wheels gear rack) bearing, bearing seat,  bushing, coupling, lock assembly etc.
Processing Method CNC machining, punch,turning, milling, drilling, grinding, broaching, welding and assembly
QC : Technicians self-check in production,final-check before package by  professional Quality inspector
Size Drawings
Package Wooden Case/Container and pallet, or as per customized specifications
Certificate ISO9001:2008 , ISO14001:2001,ISO/TS 16949:2009
Advantage Quality first Service superior , Advanced equipment,Experienced workers,Perfect testing equipment
Lead Time 15-25days samples. 30-45days offcial order
Product name  ISO Standard srpockets Chainwheels with hubs
Materials Available 1. Stainless Steel: SS201, SS303, SS304, SS316, SS416, SS420
2. Steel:C45(K1045), C46(K1046),C20
3. Brass:C36000 ( C26800), C37700 ( HPb59), C38500( HPb58), C27200(CuZn37), C28000(CuZn40)
4. Bronze: C51000, C52100, C54400, etc
5. Iron: 1213, 12L14,1215
6. Aluminum: Al6061, Al6063
7.OEM according to your request
Surface Treatment Annealing, natural anodization, heat treatment,  polishing, nickel plating, chrome plating, znic plating,yellow passivation, gold passivation,  satin, Black surface painted etc.
Products Available sprockt chains, pulley, shafts(axles, spline shafts, dart shafts),gears (pinions, wheels gear rack) bearing, bearing seat,  bushing, coupling, lock assembly etc.
Processing Method CNC machining, punch,turning, milling, drilling, grinding, broaching, welding and assembly
QC : Technicians self-check in production,final-check before package by  professional Quality inspector
Size Drawings
Package Wooden Case/Container and pallet, or as per customized specifications
Certificate ISO9001:2008 , ISO14001:2001,ISO/TS 16949:2009
Advantage Quality first Service superior , Advanced equipment,Experienced workers,Perfect testing equipment
Lead Time 15-25days samples. 30-45days offcial order

Three important aspects of the drive chain

One of the advantages of a drive chain is that it is relatively light. It sends nearly all of the engine’s power to the rear wheels, even if it loses some power along the way. Engine power on a dyno is different than on the road. Therefore, the chain is the most efficient way to transmit power to the rear wheel. Let’s look at three important aspects of the drive chain. Here are some facts about them.

roller chain drive

When choosing a roller chain drive, consider your application and how much horsepower your system requires. For applications requiring more horsepower, a multi-strand drive is an option. If your horsepower is limited, single-strand drives are a good choice. Otherwise, you may need to choose the smallest pitch chain. However, this may not always be possible. You should also consider sprocket size. In many cases, choosing a smaller chain pitch can increase the number of options.
While proper lubrication and maintenance can last a roller chain drive for years, regular inspections are essential to prolonging its life. After the drive has been operating for 100 hours, a thorough inspection every 500 hours is recommended. During this inspection, look for key elements such as 3% elongation and chain wear. If the chain is not preloaded, elongation will happen very quickly. In either case, the industry-recommended 3% elongation will be achieved faster.
chain

flat top chain

The flat-top chain system consists of hinge pins that support the chain to ensure efficient conveying. There are different types of hinge pins available, namely single and double. The single hinge pin is suitable for short chainplates and lightly loaded products. Dual hinge pins provide increased stability and load capacity. Flat top drive chains can be used in many different industries. In this article, we will learn about some important properties of flat-top chains.
Plastic flat top chains can transport medium to large workpiece pallets. They have a circular arc function that enables continuous drive combinations involving curved circular arcs. Plastic flat top chains are also recommended for workpiece pallets with PA wear pads. Steel flat-top chains can withstand surface loads up to 1.5 kg/cm, and HD profiles are suitable for steel chains. This chain is used in a variety of applications, including packaging machines.

mute chain

There are several types of mufflers that can silence your drive chain. One is the Ramsay silent chain, also known as the inverted tooth chain. These chains can be custom designed for specific needs. Exclusive Australian distributor of CZPT products that can help you find the most effective and affordable silent chain. In addition to silent chains, CZPT also manufactures sprockets and other hardware required for the drive.
Another type of mute chain is the CZPT chain. CZPT chains have involute teeth, while the ANSI standard specifies straight teeth. The advantage of silent chains is reduced noise and vibration output, and wider chains are more economical than multi-strand roller chains. The downside of silent chains is that they wear out quickly without lubrication.
The mute chain consists of two main parts, the pin and the plate. The pins are rotated in the same direction and positioned so that they can only engage the sprocket from one direction. Therefore, mute links are not recommended for reverse applications. To find out if your chain will work in reverse, consult the manufacturer’s catalog. CZPT chain.

conveyor chain

Drive chains and conveyor chains are essentially the same, but they are very different. The transmission chain is mainly used to transport heavy objects, and the conveyor chain is used to transport light objects. On the other hand, drive chains are usually driven by belts. Both types of chains can be used for the same purpose. This article will cover both types of chains. You can use them to convey various types of materials and products.
There are some differences between belts and chains, but both types can perform similar functions. The drive chain is used to drive the rollers, while the belt is used to move the object horizontally. The drive chain usually drives the rollers that move the conveyor belt. For a wide range of applications, conveyors and drive chains can be customized to meet specific needs. Here are some common uses of these two chains:
chain

time chain

Timing chains fail for two reasons: complete damage and fatigue. Fatigue occurs when a timing chain reaches its breaking strength, and eventually, failure occurs when a timing chain exceeds its design life and suffers mechanical damage. Most timing chain failures are a combination of mechanical failure and fatigue. Chain chatter, engine misfires, and VVT systems can accelerate chain fatigue. If these causes of premature timing chain failure are not addressed, the timing chain could be permanently damaged.
In the past, the timing chain was the only drive chain available. Timing belts are a quieter alternative, but they are prone to failure and damage to valves and the engine. In recent years, OEM manufacturers have begun to return to the OHC/DOHC drive chain of the timing chain. This type of drive chain has many advantages, including the ability to simulate knock sensor vibrations. Additionally, the chain has better NVH performance, making it the drive chain of choice for automakers.

Timing Chains in Internal Combustion Engines

Internal combustion engines use timing chains to control intake and exhaust valves. The chain turns the camshaft at the right time and coordinates the movement of the valves on the cylinder head. This in turn allows the engine to generate power. The timing chain also controls the position of the intake and exhaust valves, ensuring that fuel and exhaust gases are expelled at the correct time. Incorrect timing in the vehicle can lead to misfires and other problems.
Chain drives in internal combustion engines are a common feature of many modern cars. It transmits rotational force from the crankshaft to the camshaft, which in turn controls the opening and closing of valves. The chain is lubricated with oil to prevent wear. Therefore, timing chains are often used in high-capacity engines, including trucks and motorcycles. But they do have some drawbacks.
A weakened timing chain can cause the engine to misfire, causing it to skip gears and lose coordination. A clicking sound may also indicate a problem. If the chain is too loose, it can also cause the engine to stall. If the chain is too loose, metal chips will appear in the oil. A clicking sound may also be heard when the engine is running. If you hear the engine stalling, it’s likely that the timing chain is the culprit.

Silent chains in internal combustion engines

The pitch difference between the drive sprocket and the silent chain reduces resonance sound, meshing shock, and accelerated wear at the chain and sprocket interface. The difference in pitch between the drive sprocket and the silent chain determines the loudness of the sound, and the system described here helps reduce it. The present invention is suitable for power transmission in internal combustion engines.
The earliest designs for silent chains come from the 1500s when Leonardo da Vinci sketched them. The SS Britannia propels the boat across the Atlantic using huge silent chains. By the mid-19th century, silent chains were used in nearly all types of industrial applications and as timing chains for early automobile engines. Due to their durability, these chains are durable and have smooth action.
In order to understand the mechanism of frictional losses in chains, various parameters must be considered. Speed, pitch, temperature and tension are the main parameters affecting friction loss. This test uses two types of chains to compare the frictional behavior between these two components. The results show that a single chain with a high pitch can increase the friction torque of another chain with the same pitch. These results provide an important basis for understanding the role of friction torque in internal combustion engines.
chain

lifting chain

Lift chairs are designed to lift heavy objects and can be used with a variety of lifting equipment, including forklifts and cranes. Hoist chains are also used in warehouses and ports of all sizes and consist of a series of pins and plates that mesh with each other to move heavy loads. ​​​CZPT Chain manufactures high-precision lifting chains. Here are some of the benefits of hoist chains for drive chains.
Blade Chain: This type of drive chain has a patented U-profile that turns the flexible chain into a highly stable outer post during the push phase. This design is designed to minimize linkage tangling and provide better pressure transfer. These chains are used for cranes, anchors and straddle carriers. Blade chains are more durable than other types of drive chains and are especially useful in heavy duty applications.
The drive chain is also available in a variety of materials. For example, square link chains are commonly used in cranes and hoists. They are cheap to manufacture but more prone to overloading. Conveyor chains are specially designed for chain conveyor systems. It consists of a series of interconnected rectangular links. Oval links tend to kink and are usually only used at low speeds.